Questions & Answers

At SR Cellars, we believe that knowledge enhances the enjoyment of fine beverages. Whether you're curious about the complexities of whisky or the nuances of French wine, below you will find a number of commonly asked questions and our answers.

Whisky

The Basics & Serving ‎ | ‎ Production & Characteristics ‎ | ‎ Types & Recommendations

Whisky Basics & Serving

What is the difference between whisky and whiskey?

The difference primarily lies in the spelling and region of production. "Whisky" usually refers to Scotch and Canadian spirits, while "whiskey" is used for Irish and American varieties. The production processes and ingredients also vary, contributing to distinct flavor profiles.

What's the correct way to serve whisky?

The best way to enjoy whisky is entirely up to you! It's a personal journey, and the right way to drink it is the way that you enjoy the most. Remember, your preference is what matters most. Never let anyone dictate how you should savor your whisky.

What's the ideal glassware for whisky?

A tulip-shaped glass, often called a Glencairn glass, is ideal for whisky. Its shape helps concentrate the aromas at the top of the glass, enhancing the tasting experience. However, any glass that you enjoy using is perfectly fine.

Can whisky go bad?

Whisky doesn't spoil like food, but it can deteriorate in quality over time, especially if it's not stored properly. Keep it away from direct sunlight and at a stable temperature. Once opened, a bottle of whisky should ideally be consumed within 1-2 years.

Can I use ice with whisky?

Yes, you can add ice to whisky if you prefer it chilled. Ice can dilute the whisky slightly and may change the flavor profile, so it's a matter of personal taste. Experiment to find your preferred way to enjoy it.

How should I store open bottles of whisky?

Store open bottles of whisky upright, away from direct sunlight, and at a consistent temperature. While whisky doesn't deteriorate rapidly, it can lose its nuances over time once opened.

How should I read a whisky label?

A whisky label provides key information like type (single malt, blended), age, alcohol content, distillery, and sometimes tasting notes. The age indicates the youngest whisky in the blend, important for understanding flavor and quality.

What are whisky's main ingredients?

The main ingredients in whisky are water, malted grain (like barley, corn, rye), and yeast. The type of grain and water quality significantly influence the flavor.

Why are some whiskies very expensive?

High-priced whiskies often come from rare stocks, have longer aging periods, or are produced using unique, labor-intensive methods, contributing to their cost.

What is the "finish" in whisky tasting terminology?

The "finish" refers to the flavors and sensations that linger in your mouth after swallowing the whisky. It can be short, medium, or long, and is a crucial aspect of the whisky's overall character.

Whisky Production & Characteristics

Are older whiskies always better?

Not necessarily. While some whiskies develop more complexity and depth with age, others are designed to be enjoyed when they are younger. The quality of an older whisky depends on many factors including the distillation process, barrel quality, and storage conditions.

Why are some whiskies colored or chill-filtered?

Color may be added for consistency in appearance across batches. Chill-filtering is done to remove impurities and prevent cloudiness at lower temperatures, though some argue it can also remove flavor compounds.

What is the significance of the region in whisky production?

The region plays a crucial role in whisky production, influencing the flavor and character. Factors like climate, water source, and local traditions shape the distinct qualities of whiskies from different regions.

What's the difference between single malt and blended whisky?

Single malt whisky is made from malted barley in one distillery, offering a distinct flavor profile unique to its origin. Blended whisky combines multiple single malts and grains, creating a harmonious and balanced flavor.

How does barrel size affect whisky aging?

Smaller barrels can accelerate aging due to more surface area contact, imparting flavor and color to the whisky faster than larger barrels.

What is the Lincoln County Process in whisky making?

The Lincoln County Process, used in making Tennessee whiskey, involves filtering the spirit through charcoal before aging, giving it a distinctive smoothness and flavor.

How does barrel char level affect whisky?

Barrel char level can significantly impact whisky’s flavor. Heavier char creates richer, smokier flavors, while lighter char allows more subtle wood and grain flavors to emerge.

How does 'terroir' influence whisky?

Just like in wine, whisky's terroir, including factors like geography, geology, and climate where the grains are grown, can impact its flavor profile and characteristics.

What does 'cask-finished' whisky mean?

Cask-finished whisky is transferred to a second barrel (like sherry, port, or wine casks) for a final aging period, adding extra layers of flavor.

What are 'tannins' in whisky?

Tannins in whisky, derived from the wood casks, contribute to its mouthfeel and complexity. They are more subtle compared to wine tannins but play a crucial role in flavor development.

How does altitude affect whisky production?

Higher altitude can affect whisky production by altering boiling points and maturation rates, often leading to a faster aging process and unique flavor development.

What is the Angel's Share in whisky making?

The Angel's Share refers to the amount of whisky that evaporates from the barrels during aging. It's a natural part of the aging process, especially in warmer climates.

What's the significance of a whisky's color?

Whisky's color can indicate age, types of casks used, and whether color has been added. Generally, darker whiskies have been aged longer or in specific types of barrels.

How is whisky's strength determined?

Whisky's strength, or alcohol content, is determined by the distillation process and any dilution that occurs before bottling. Cask strength whiskies are bottled directly from the cask without dilution.

How does grain type affect whisky flavor?

Different grains like barley, corn, rye, and wheat impart distinct flavors to whisky – barley for richness, corn for sweetness, rye for spiciness, and wheat for smoothness.

What is a whisky mash bill?

The mash bill is the recipe of grains used in whisky production. It can include barley, corn, rye, wheat, and others. The mash bill determines the flavor profile and character of the whisky.

What does 'triple distilled' mean for whisky?

Triple distilled whisky has undergone the distillation process three times, resulting in a purer, smoother spirit, often with a lighter flavor profile.

Is terroir important in whisky production?

Yes, terroir, which refers to the environment where the grains are grown, can influence the flavor of whisky. Factors like soil type, climate, and topography can all impact the taste profile of the final product.

What does 'cask strength' mean in whisky?

Cask strength refers to whisky that has not been diluted after its initial aging process. It's typically stronger in alcohol content and richer in flavor compared to diluted whiskies.

Whisky Types & Recommendations

How do I choose a whisky if I'm new to it?

Start with lighter, smoother whiskies, perhaps a lowland Scotch or an Irish whiskey. Attend tastings or try smaller bottles to explore different styles and find what suits your palate.

What is a whisky 'washback'?

A washback is a large vessel, usually made of wood or stainless steel, used in the fermentation stage of whisky production where the yeast converts sugars into alcohol.

How can I identify a good quality whisky?

Good quality whisky often exhibits balance, complexity, and a pleasing aroma and taste. Look for whiskies with good reviews, awards, or recommendations from trusted sources. Personal taste also plays a significant role.

Can whisky be flavored?

While traditional whisky typically isn't flavored, some modern whiskies incorporate additional flavoring elements, such as honey, fruits, or spices, particularly in liqueur-like variations.

How do I know if a whisky is peated?

Peated whisky has a smoky flavor, a result of drying malted barley over a peat-fueled fire. This process imparts a distinct smokiness. Peat levels can vary, so check the label or product description for this detail.

Can whisky be aged at home?

While you can store whisky at home, it doesn't age once bottled. The aging process only occurs in barrels before bottling. However, storing whisky properly can preserve its quality.

What is "proof" in relation to whisky?

"Proof" is a measure of the alcohol content in whisky. In the US, it's twice the alcohol by volume (ABV) percentage. For example, 100 proof whisky is 50% ABV.

What food pairs well with whisky?

Whisky pairs well with a variety of foods. Smoky whiskies complement grilled meats, while sweeter whiskies pair nicely with desserts or cheese. Experiment with different combinations to find your personal preference.

Can whisky have fruity flavors?

Yes, whiskies can exhibit fruity flavors, often arising from the fermentation process and the type of casks used for aging. Flavors can range from light, floral notes to rich, dried fruits.

Can I pair whisky with desserts?

Absolutely! Whisky pairs wonderfully with desserts. Rich, sweet whiskies complement chocolate or caramel desserts, while fruity whiskies go well with lighter, fruit-based treats.

Wine

Storage & Serving ‎ | ‎ Characteristics & Production ‎ | ‎ Types & Pairings

Wine Storage & Serving

How should I store my wine to preserve its quality?

Store wine in a cool, dark place at a consistent temperature, ideally between 45°F and 65°F. Bottles should be kept on their side to keep the cork moist, preventing it from drying out and allowing air to enter the bottle.

How long can I keep an opened bottle of wine?

Once opened, a bottle of wine begins to oxidize. Red wines typically last 2-4 days, while white and rosé wines can last 3-5 days. Sparkling wines should be consumed within 1-2 days. Store open bottles in the fridge with a proper seal.

How do I properly open and serve sparkling wine?

Chill the bottle first, then remove the foil and wire cage. Hold the cork and twist the bottle at the base to ease the cork out gently. Pour slowly into tilted glasses to preserve the bubbles.

Is it necessary to decant wine?

Decanting is not always necessary but can enhance the flavor and aroma of wine, especially full-bodied reds with high tannins or older wines with sediment. It helps to aerate the wine, softening its flavors and releasing its aromas.

What's the proper way to hold a wine glass?

Hold a wine glass by the stem or base, not the bowl. This prevents warming the wine with your hand and keeps the glass free from fingerprints, allowing you to better observe the wine's color and clarity.

How should I clean and store my wine glasses?

Clean glasses with warm water and a mild detergent, avoiding strong chemicals. Hand drying with a lint-free cloth prevents water spots. Store them upright or hang them by the stem to avoid trapping odors.

Can I drink red wine chilled?

Yes, you can enjoy certain red wines slightly chilled, particularly lighter-bodied ones like Pinot Noir or Beaujolais. Chilling can highlight their fresh and fruity characteristics.

Is screw cap or cork better for wine?

Both have their advantages. Corks are traditional and allow minimal air exchange, beneficial for aging. Screw caps provide a tight seal and are great for wines meant to be consumed young.

Can wine be aged in bottles other than glass?

Yes, wines can be aged in alternative containers like stainless steel, concrete, or even clay amphorae, each imparting different characteristics to the wine.

What is the best way to taste wine?

To fully appreciate wine, pour it into a suitable glass and observe its color. Swirl it gently to release aromas, then sniff to identify different scents. When tasting, let the wine linger in your mouth to discern its flavors and texture.

How can I tell if a wine has gone bad?

Signs a wine has gone bad include a sour, vinegar-like smell, a flat or musty taste, and a change in color. If the cork is pushed out slightly, it may indicate the wine has overheated and spoiled.

Can you chill red wine?

Yes, chilling certain light-bodied red wines can enhance their freshness and fruitiness. Examples include Pinot Noir and Gamay.

Is it better to drink older or younger wines?

This depends on the type of wine. Some wines, like many white wines, are best enjoyed young, while others, like robust reds, improve with age. Always check the winemaker's recommendations or consult a wine expert.

Wine Characteristics & Production

What is the 'legs' or 'tears' of wine? Should I store my wine to preserve its quality?

'Legs' or 'tears' refer to the streaks of liquid that form on the inside of a wine glass after swirling. They indicate the alcohol and sugar content, with more pronounced legs suggesting a higher alcohol or sweeter wine.

Why are some wines aged in oak barrels?

Oak aging imparts complex flavors and aromas to wine, such as vanilla, toast, and spice. It also allows for a small amount of oxygenation, which helps to soften tannins and develop the wine's character.

What is tannin in wine?

Tannins are natural compounds found in grape skins, seeds, and stems, and also in oak barrels. They contribute to the structure and texture of wine, often experienced as a drying sensation in the mouth.

Does the shape of a wine glass make a difference?

Yes, the shape of a wine glass can influence the tasting experience by channeling the wine to different parts of your mouth and nose, accentuating certain aromas and flavors. Different shapes are suited for different types of wine.

How does climate affect wine production?

Climate plays a significant role in shaping the characteristics of wine. Warmer climates typically produce riper, fuller-bodied wines with higher alcohol content, while cooler climates often yield lighter, more acidic wines.

How does the type of grape affect wine's flavor?

Different grape varieties have distinct flavor profiles. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon often has notes of blackcurrant, while Chardonnay might have apple or tropical fruit flavors.

How does elevation affect vineyards?

Higher elevation vineyards often produce grapes with higher acidity and more nuanced flavors, due to cooler temperatures and greater sun exposure.

What causes the 'buttery' flavor in some wines?

The buttery flavor in wines, especially Chardonnay, often comes from a fermentation process called malolactic fermentation, which converts tart malic acid into smoother lactic acid, producing a creamy, buttery taste.

How is rosé wine made?

Rosé is made from red grapes, but the grape skins are only briefly in contact with the juice, giving it a pink color. The duration of skin contact affects the depth of color and flavor.

Why are some wines 'oaked' or 'unoaked'?

Oaked wines are aged in oak barrels, gaining complex flavors like vanilla and spice. Unoaked wines are stored in stainless steel or concrete, retaining more of the grape's natural flavor.

How do soil types affect wine flavors?

Soil types significantly influence wine flavors. For example, limestone can impart minerality, while volcanic soil might add a hint of smokiness.

What is the purpose of a wine aerator?

A wine aerator exposes wine to air, enhancing its flavors and aromas, similar to decanting but in a quicker and more immediate way.

What is 'racking' in winemaking?

Racking is the process of transferring wine from one container to another, leaving sediments behind, to clarify and stabilize the wine.

What does 'sur lie' mean in winemaking?

'Sur lie' means aging wine on its yeast lees (dead yeast cells), which can add complexity, creaminess, and additional flavors to the wine.

What is 'veraison' in viticulture?

Veraison is the stage in grape development when they start to soften and change color, marking the onset of ripening. It's a critical phase for determining harvest time.

What is 'cold stabilization' in winemaking?

Cold stabilization is a process where wine is chilled to precipitate out tartrate crystals, stabilizing the wine and preventing crystallization after bottling.

What is the effect of 'bottle shock' on wine?

'Bottle shock' or 'bottle sickness' refers to a temporary muting of wine flavors immediately after bottling or shipping, which can recover after the wine settles for a few weeks.

How does the 'climate' influence a vineyard?

Climate impacts grape ripening and flavor profiles. Cool climates yield higher acidity and lighter-bodied wines, while warm climates produce riper, fuller-bodied wines.

What is the role of sulfites in wine?

Sulfites are preservatives used to protect wine from oxidation and bacterial spoilage. While most wines contain sulfites, their levels are regulated. Some people may be sensitive to sulfites, but they are safe for the majority of consumers.

How does the age of the vine affect wine quality?

Older vines typically produce fewer but more concentrated grapes, often leading to wines with greater depth and complexity. However, vine age is just one of many factors contributing to wine quality.

Wine Types & Pairings

What does 'vintage' mean in wine?

'Vintage' refers to the year the grapes were harvested. It's important because weather variations each year can affect the quality and taste of the wine, making some vintages more prestigious than others.

What does 'non-vintage' mean in the context of wine?

Non-vintage (NV) wines are blends of grapes from multiple years. This is common in sparkling wines, like Champagne, where consistency of style is key. NV wines offer a reliable quality and taste profile year over year.

What is the difference between organic and biodynamic wines?

Organic wines are made from grapes grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Biodynamic wines take this further, following holistic farming practices that treat the vineyard as an interconnected living system.

What's the difference between vintage and non-vintage Champagne?

Vintage Champagne is made from grapes all harvested in the same year, noted for exceptional quality, while non-vintage blends grapes from multiple years for consistency.

Can white wines age as well as reds?

Some white wines, like certain Chardonnays and Rieslings, can age beautifully and develop complex flavors over time, though many are best enjoyed young.

What is a 'Super Tuscan' wine?

Super Tuscan wines are high-quality red wines from Tuscany that don't adhere to traditional Italian wine classification rules, often using non-native grape varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon.

What's the difference between Port and Sherry?

Port is a sweet, fortified wine from Portugal, typically red, often enjoyed as a dessert wine. Sherry is a fortified wine from Spain, ranging from dry to sweet, with various styles.

What is an 'amphora' in winemaking?

An amphora is a large clay vessel used in ancient winemaking, and experiencing a resurgence today. It allows wine to breathe while imparting minimal flavor, unlike oak barrels.

What is 'biodynamic' winemaking?

Biodynamic winemaking follows holistic, sustainable agricultural practices, treating the vineyard as an interconnected ecosystem and often aligning farming practices with lunar cycles.

What is 'natural wine' and how does it differ from other wines?

Natural wine is made with minimal technological or chemical intervention, both in growing grapes and during the winemaking process. It's often unfiltered, with no added sulfites.

What does "reserve" mean on a wine label?

"Reserve" has no legal definition and varies by winery. It often implies a higher quality or a wine aged longer before release, but practices can differ.

Can I drink a wine with sediment?

Yes, sediment in wine is natural, especially in older red wines. It's harmless, but you might want to decant the wine to avoid gritty textures.

Can wine have a salty flavor?

Yes, some wines can have a saline or mineral quality, often due to the vineyard's proximity to the sea or the specific mineral content of the soil.

What is a "single vineyard" wine?

A "single vineyard" wine is made from grapes all harvested from the same vineyard. This term is often used to highlight the unique characteristics imparted by the specific location's soil, climate, and topography.

What is orange wine?

Orange wine is made from white grapes that have been left to macerate with their skins, similar to red wine, giving it a distinctive orange hue and a robust, unique flavor profile.

Why do some wines have a cork taint?

Cork taint occurs when a compound called TCA (trichloroanisole) contaminates the cork and spoils the wine, often giving it a musty, damp odor and taste.

Can vegan wines use oak barrels?

Yes, vegan wines can use oak barrels. The vegan aspect primarily concerns the fining process; oak barrels themselves do not conflict with vegan standards.

What is the 'angel's share' in winemaking?

In winemaking, the 'angel's share' refers to the wine lost to evaporation during barrel aging, similar to the concept in whisky production.

What is a 'punch down' in winemaking?

A 'punch down' is a process of submerging the cap of grape skins that forms during fermentation in red winemaking, ensuring better extraction of color, tannins, and flavor.

What is a 'cult' wine?

'Cult' wines are those that have gained a passionate following due to their perceived quality, rarity, or prestige, often commanding high prices and collector interest.

What is a fortified wine?

Fortified wines, like Port, Sherry, and Madeira, have a spirit (usually brandy) added to them. This increases the alcohol content and alters the flavor profile, often making them richer and sweeter.